NATURAL PRODUCTS IN
DRUG DISCOVERY PROCESS
Natural products have historically been incredible as a
source of therapeutic agents in curing many diseases. In last 10 years,
research on natural products in the pharmaceutical field has reduced, owing to
issues such as the lack of compatibility of traditional natural-product extract
libraries with high-throughput screening. Recent techniques in genomics, proteomics
and structural biology during the past few decades are giving a clearer picture
of the diversity of proteins targeted by natural-product molecules. The current
lead generation strategies have led to a renewed interest in natural products
in drug discovery.
There is need of drug discovery process and new drug
designing techniques due to prevalence of many diseases
without suitable medical products available. The Research and Development
process is one of the pioneer processes to save the therapeutic innovation,
following three key technologies have been introduced.
·
High
Throughput Screening (HTS)
·
Combinatorial
Chemistry
Types Of Sources For Natural Products For Drug
Discovery:
Despite the rise
of combinatorial chemistry as an integral part of drug discovery process,
natural products still play a prominent role as starting material for drug
discovery. Drug product have been obtained from various sources which include
plants, animal, marine and microbial metabolites.
Natural Product Discovery Approaches
Screening of natural
product extracts is complicated due to the presence of fluorescent or insoluble
compounds. Advances in detection technologies and new screening assays have
overcome many of these challenges. Following are the approaches for drug
discovery:
·
Cell-Based
Assays
·
Biochemical
Assays
·
Newer
Drug Discovery
New Trends In Field Of Natural Product Drug Discovery
The processes of drug discovery from natural products have been modified
by some new advances:
·
Preparation of pure compounds
from a crude extract by preparative HPLC extract by iterative HPLC.
·
After HPLC separation, On-line
multi pharmacological detections are possible which allow parallel flow
bioassay lines for biological activity, selectivity analyses and spectrometric
data in order to obtain structural information.
·
Progress in metabolomics will
soon permit to predict the chemical composition of a plant extract through the
genome, transcriptome and proteome (enzymes) data.
Natural products are the building
blocks for molecular libraries. The confluence of technologies with advancements in
genomics, proteomics,
metabolic engineering and chemical synthesis offers the new method along with
the technologies to explore the remarkable chemical diversity of nature’s
‘small molecules’ in the pursuance for new drugs.
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